The result of this study shows that the last twelve month prevalence of khat chewing, shisha smokes, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and use other drugs were 10.4%, 5.5%, 7.8%, 37.8% and 3.0% respectively. The cumulative prevalence of substance use for last twelve month (use of one type of substance at least once) was 41.56%. The results also shows that perceived parental monitoring (AOR= 0.63; 95% CI; 0.47, 0.84) and perceived parental injunctive norm (AOR= 0.34 95% CI; 0.14, 0.84) were strong anti-substance use factors. Perceived parental permissiveness (AOR= 1.33; 95% CI; 1.01, 1.75) and family use of substance (AOR= 2.11; 95% CI; 1.55, 2.89) also showed positive association with substance use. Therefore, providing advice, counseling, support, and modeling of behavior and monitoring of children´s activities and relationships is effective in reducing students’ attitude towards substance use.
