Significantly efforts have been currently made in energy research due to climate change and limited availability of the fossil fuels. With a fast-growing market for portable electronic devices, optoelectronic devices, power electronic devices and development of hybrid electric vehicles, there has been an ever increasing and urgent demand for use of renewable energy is recognized to be both economically as well as environmentally a sound alternative high power energy storage sources. Therefore research into the development of renewable energy sources and storage systems such as solar cells, fuel cells, lithium- ion batteries and supercapacitors.
