In this textbook basic modern information is submitted on aetiology, diagnostics, clinical signs, treatment of tuberculosis and organization of phthisiatric (anti-tuberculosis) service in accordance to systematic curriculum on tuberculosis of high medical schools in Russian Federation. The textbook is assembled in Russian and English in separate editions. Exposition of the basic materials in two languages has different goals. For foreign students who are learning tuberculosisi in English to help to obtain the material in Russian language. For foreign students studying tuberculosis in Russian to give the opportunity to understand the material more deeply. For Russian students to give the opportunity for perfection their English, which is the language for professional communication in international medical forums. The textbook is intended for the students of high medical schools study medicine in Russian and English.